Pollination

Pollination can occur with different intermediaries:
a. Broker-called anemogami wind, can occur when the grain powder is very light, small and dry.
Example: on the pine, resin, grass.
b. Broker-called hidrogami water.
Example: on the water plant.
c. Broker-called zoogami animals.


* If an insect called entomogami
* Bird called ornitogami
* Snail called malakogami
* Bats called kiroptorogami

d. Human intermediaries called antropogami.
Example: pollination vanilli in Indonesia.

According to the origin of pollen, pollination can be divided into 4:
a. Autogami (self-pollinating)
Pollen from one flower the same. If there is not yet blooming flowers at the time called kleistogami.
b. Geitonogami (neighbor pollination)
When pollen from other flowers that are in one tree (one individual).
c. Alogami (cross pollination)
When pollen from the flowers of other trees are still one species.


Sometimes there is a failure of pollination and in some plant species are not possible autogami. The reason is as follows:
a. Dikogami: When the cook pistil and pollen does not coincide, and this is because:

* 1. Ripe pollen precedence over putiknya .... (Protandri). Example: celery, onion, corn
* 2. Pistils ripe pollen precedence over .... (Protogini).

b. Didesious: When in one species, male and female genitalia separate
Example: The bark and melinjo (Gnetum Arremon)






c. Heterostili: If the length of the stalk stalk stamen and pistil are not the same and different.
Examples: coffee, quinine and glass plates.
d. Herkogami: If the form does not allow flower pollen falls into the stigma.
Example: vanilla





Pollination and Fertilization Process
Grain dust / pollen on the stigma attached Þ Þ reed powder form (2 core, core nucleus of vegetative and generative) walking toward the micropyle (the door of the biological institute) generative nucleus divides Þ Þ Þ 2 core sperm to the micropyle, dead vegetative nucleus Þ one sperm to fertilize the egg nucleus Þ embryo. The other sperm nucleus fertilize the biological core Þ institutions endosperm (food reserves for the embryo).

Since conception, the conception took place twice at Angiospermae called double fertilization.

Embryos in certain seed plants can be formed for several reasons. namely:


1. Through the fusion of sperm and ovum (amfimiksis)
2. Not through the fusion of sperm and ovum (apomiksis), which can be divided into:
a. Apogami: embryo formed from the biological institute. For example: from sinergid and antipode.
b.Partenogenesis: embryo formed from cells that are not fertilized eggs.
c. Adventitious embryo: an embryo formed from cells nuselus, namely the addition to the biological institute.




Apomiksis and amfimiksis can occur simultaneously, will be formed more than one embryo in a seed, called poliembrioni. This event is often found in jackfruit, citrus and mango.


(taken from gurungeblog.wordpress.com)