Sunday, November 23, 2008

Protea cynaroides


This striking, deep red king protea is named after South Africa's former State President Nelson Mandela, who is known to millions by his clan name, Madiba. Longmore Flower Estates is situated in "Mandela country" in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Like its famous namesake, adverse conditions bring out the best in the red "Madiba".

Protea cynaroides is sought after for its unique beauty and its excellent vase life. Longmore Flower Estates are South Africa's largest growers of this magnificent protea. The blooms are picked from August to November. (www.longmoreflowers.co.za)

madagascar flowers




A “new” species of palm has been discovered on the island of Madagascar, thanks to its flowering finale.

Botanists around the world are popping the corks over Tahina spectabilis, a gigantic palm tree just discovered in the northwest of Madagascar, even though the plant, blooming its head off, is about to die. ”Details of the flowers and branches suggested it was a species and genus of palm that had never been described before,” reports the Guardian. “Genetic tests on the plant confirmed that it comes from an evolutionary line that was not previously known to exist in Madagascar.”

Actually, plant discoveries have been coming pretty fast and furious on this big island off the east coast of Africa. “Out of the 10,000 plants native to Madagascar, 90% of them are found nowhere else in the world.” The huge palm gave itself away with a spectacular show of flowering.

Whereas most palm trees bloom periodically throughout their lives, this giant shoots the moon. “Once it is fully grown, the tip of the stem branches into hundreds of tiny flowers that sap nutrients from the plant so rapidly that it collapses.” On a stroll with his family, Xavier Metz, the manager of a nearby cashew plantation, spotted the huge flower stalk cascading in the sky. He took pictures and posted them on the web, attracting the attention of the plant experts at Kew Gardens and botanists around the world.

“Ever since we started work on the palms of Madagascar in the 1980s, we have made discovery after discovery,” said John Dransfield, an English scientist. “But to me this is probably the most exciting of them all.” Tahina spectabilis is a thrill for several reasons: its size (some say it grows ”six stories tall”), its novelty, and its dissimilarity from other palms thus far found on the island.

Press releases said that the tree was named for Metz’s daughter Tahina, and that “‘Spectabilis’ means ‘blessed’ or ‘to be protected.’” But we side with the Ethical Paleontologist, who believes that Tahina must mean “blessed” in Malagasy (whether it’s Metz’s daughter’s name or not); and “spectabilis” means, well, “Geez, lookadat!”

Madagascar owes its immense plant diversity primarily to two features: its range of climate zones and its isolation. There are tropical rainforests on the island’s eastern side, while the west and south, “in the rain shadow of the central highlands, are home to tropical dry forests, thorn forests, and deserts and xeric shrublands.” This shoot-the-moon palm tree was discovered in yet another bioregion, the northwest part of the island. Check out the map at right, via the Missouri Botanical Garden, which has a concerted plant research project of its own ongoing in Madagascar.

We find it curious that in the plant world, isolation is so conducive to diversity, whereas in the human social world, those environments that are least isolated tend to be the most diverse (New York City versus North Dakota). Cities seem to attract ethnic complexity, even as they destroy it—melting down distinctions in the longer run. There is a case to be made for geographic isolation in human culture, too. We think of Gee’s Bend, a particle of land cut off by a loop in the Alabama River. The society of Gee’s Bend is not in itself diverse, but its relative isolation fostered an original flowering of its own, rare and spectacular as a six-story palm. ”Gee’s, lookadeese!”(www.humanflowerproject.com)

Saturday, November 22, 2008

ORCHID


This beautiful flower is an orchid (family Orchidaceae), Eulophia cucullata. It is quite widespread in Africa (including South Africa) and Madagascar. It varies in intensity color, but is easily recognized because of the shape and size of the flower. Malawi, although one of Africa's smallest countries, boasts several orchid species than any other African country, testimony to its diversity of habitats. Orchids comprise the most diverse plant family, with over 25,000 species. Eulophia genus includes about 40 species.

Photo identified by C. Archer, National Herbarium, National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.

KNIPHOFIA



Also called "red hot poker" the kniphofia (Kniphofia uvaria) is widespread in upland savannas throughout central and Eastern Africa. It is a popular garden plant and grows as a perennial even in temperate regions. It was named after a Dutchman, Johann Hieronymus Kniphof (1704-1763), professor of medicine and a botanical illustrator. There are about 50 species in the genus, restricted to southern Africa.(www.junglephotos.com)

DOLICHOS FLOWER


This flower was growing wild in the Highlands of Malawi, in Nyika National Park. It is most likely Dolichos kilimandscharicus, a member of the bean family. In Malawi, according to an FAO report, the dried powdered root is used as protecting shelled corn from insects.

BULBINE FLOWER




This beautiful flower is most likely Bulbine abyssinica as there are very few pictures on the Internet. It is a perennial, growing two to three meters high. It is a member of the Asphodelaceae family, which also includes Kniphofia. This family's distribution centers on the ancient world, particularly southern Africa, but its biology is poorly known total.

Flowers of Antarctica-All two of them




Only two flowering plants have been able to survive in the iciest continent, but global warming may bring them company.

We have argued that the study "flower customs on seven continents" and today stands, shivering, as our words. Welcome to the small flowering plant Kingdom of Antarctica.

99% of the continent is bound throughout the year. Just a few islands, coastal Sliver and patches of the Antarctic Peninsula can support any plant life at all, and because of extreme cold and dry winds, most growing things are simple mosses and lichens. No trees, no shrubs. Indeed, only two flowering plants throughout the continent: the Antarctic hair grass (Deschampsia Antarctica) and pearlwort (Colobanthus quitensis). And neither one of them is exactly Corsage material.

Researchers in hats and long underwear, which has been examining the continent's ecology see these two plant populations gradually increasing, though. At the same time, Loose Tooth, an ice shelf in the East, is cracking away from the mainland. Que pasa?

A group of researchers from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography has been looking at these changes, and we have been in contact with one of them, a scientist Jim Behrens. He spent a few months with a team camp on the Amery Ice Shelf studying seismic changes and temperature streams. Check out the pictures of his residence, complete with penguins, waterless morning in the kitchen, and walks across the fields of glacial boulders. (Although most of us wring our hands about global warming, some people are out there struggling with it.)

Jim was funny to think of his work in connection with flowers ... ", As one of the most distinctive aspects of Antarctica is the complete lack of plants. The plant like most things around (native to the area), some dried seaweed along the coast and the occasional lichen. There is a small greenhouse at the station where we grow things like lettuce and cucumbers, cucumber flowers are the only flowers I saw during my stay. "

Without realizing it, for all of us, even the palest-off, is drenched with plantness. Except maybe a limited to an intensive care Ward for many weeks, we never live apart from the green world. But Jim has. He describes the title back from Antarctica:

"After several months of rocks and ice, I could smell Tasmania before I could see it as a week-long boat ride back north came to an end. When it first struck me was the strongest, lustiest flavor I have ever seen, but during a few minutes my olfactory sense had re-calibrated and the smell of vegetation crept into the background again. "(www.humanflowerproject.com

Bees as Desert Plant Pollinators They’re not all honey bees


Ever wonder how plants in the desert get pollinated? Although there aren't a great amount of honeybees in desert areas, there are many species of native bees that live in arid regions.

“Pollen” bees, also called native or solitary bees, are the main pollinators of plants in the world. They tend to be out and active in the early spring, before honey bees (which were imported to the Americas from Europe), and are very efficient pollinators.

Honeybees, which are also great pollinators, are generally raised for honey, while pollination is a byproduct.

In recent years, both native bee species and honeybee populations have been decimated because of the Varroa mite, and because of pesticides and habitat destruction.

Extensive use of pesticides, not only on farmland, but also in suburbia, has had a serious effect on all types of bees. It’s not widely known, but even natural herbicides and botanical pesticides can cause serious harm to bees.

Besides honeybees, and Africanized bees (simply another, albeit more aggressive strain of the domestic honeybee), there are a number of greatly beneficial native bees.

Digger bees, mining bees and sand bees are solitary ground-nesting bees.

Bumblebees, on the other hand, are social creatures.

Sweat bees are small, blackish or brownish bees, although a few species are greenish. As the name implies, they will sometimes land on your arm or neck to sip sweat. They are gentle and will not sting unless you swat them.

Alkali bees are native to the North America west of the Rocky Mountains. They are solitary and are black, with metallic-looking bands of yellow, blue or green circling the abdomen. They pollinate alfalfa, onions, clover, mind and celery.

Leafcutter bees are extraordinarily efficient pollinators. About 150 of them can do the pollination work of 3,000 honeybees.

Carpenter bees are some of the largest bees in the world. They can range in color from blue-black, purple or a greenish sheen. They drill circular holes in wood, and can tend to be annoying because of their tendency to buzz around. They are, however, generally harmless. The females do have a stinger, but they rarely use it.

Certain types of flowers attract all species of bees more than other types of flowers. Flowers which bees find particularly attractive include those that are:

  • Full of nectar
  • Since bees cannot see the color red, flowers that have petals that are brightly-colored and generally blue or yellow, or a mixture of these two colors.
  • Aromatic or minty smell.
  • Open in daylight
  • Have platforms upon which the bees can land
  • Generally symmetrical bilaterally
  • Can be tubular with nectar at the base.

Related articles:

  1. How Desert Plants Get Pollinated
  2. Bats Pollinate Desert Plants
  3. Hummingbirds as Desert Pollinators

The copyright of the article Bees as Desert Plant Pollinators in Desert Gardens is owned by Robert Dailey. Permission to republish Bees as Desert Plant Pollinators in print or online must be granted by the author in writing. www.desertgarden.suite101.com

the image from www.edupic.net

Thursday, November 20, 2008

Desert Lupine


he desert lupine is native to the Mojave, the desert in California and Nevada and New Mexico, Arizona and parts of Texas.

It does not like higher altitudes, but will grow along the roads in the desert and on slopes, and even the tops of Mesa.

It has a bright blue flower, which can be blue, purple or violet, and it is high on a small upright stems. Petals have a yellow spot, which will switch to red when the plant has been pollinated.

The upper petal is called a banner petal while the two lower them called the keel. They have hair on the bottom and curves up a little.

The bears seed pods, which when ripe will blow up, and the seeds explode everywhere and scatter on the wind.

Blue, 1/2-inch wide blue to purple flowers bloom on slender, up STALKS January through May.

The upper petal (banner) has a yellow spot the changes of reddish after pollination. The two lower petals (keel) is short and long, and are hairy on the bottom edge and curve upward to a slender tip. When mature, seed pods explode, scattering their seeds to the wind.

This flower is called an annual which means that the door completely and seeds to grow new plants.

Desert lupine will completely cover an area where it has been a rainy year, and even when it does not have the lupine will or other compensation, and they will be plentiful in the deserts of the Southwest.

Bees are drawn to the lupine, and it again depends on them to pollinate it. (www.isnature.org)

Pollination by Deception







A male thynnine WAsP (Neozeleboria cryptoides) attempts to mate with the flower of a broad lipped bird Orchid (Chiloglottis trapeziformis). Photo by Rod Peakall.

A male thynnine WAsP (Neozeleboria cryptoides) attempts to mate with an Orchid flower (Chiloglottis trapeziformis). Photo Rod Peakall. Pollinator are attracted two plants that appear to provide a reward. Most often, the Pollinator does receive a reward, such as food or shelter for the growing young. But looks (and Scents) can be Deceiving. Some plants attract Pollinator with deceptive cues such that pollination is achieved for the plant but the Pollinator gets nothing in return. Well-known examples of pollination by deception involve Orchid and the Wasp and other insects that pollinate them. Some Orchid flowers attract male insects by mimicking the odore and appearance of female insects. Males attempt to mate with one flower, and then another, transferring pollen among flowers in the process.

Though some Orchid flowers closely resemble the appearance of females of the primary pollinating species, odore may be the most important cue. In at least some cases, the odore compound emitted by the Orchid is identical to the female sex pheromone emitted by the Pollinator species (Reference: pollination by Sexual Deception in Australian Terrestrial Orchid, Rod Peakall, Australian National University, 2007). Other Orchid Mimic the Pollinator 'food plants. For example, the southern African Orchid Disperis capensis produces flowers that closely resemble those of another plant, Polygala bracteolata. Bees pollinating P. bracteolata (which does provide a food reward) inadvertently pollinate the look-alike as well. What appears to be another twist Wednesday pollination by deception was documented recently. Malaysian dung Beetles of the genus Onthophagus (Family: Scarabaeidae) are the major Pollinator of Orchidantha inouei, a plant related to ginger, bananas, and bird-of-paradise plants. The flowers of O. inouei appear to attract the Beetles by emitting a dung-like (ie food) odore, but do not provide any food reward or protected space for the Beetle.
Pollination of Deception

A male thynnine wasp (Neozeleboria cryptoides) attempt to mate with the flower of a broad lipped bird orchid (Chiloglottis trapeziformis). Photo by Rod Peakall.
A male thynnine wasp (Neozeleboria cryptoides) attempt to mate with an orchid flower (Chiloglottis trapeziformis). Photo Rod Peakall.

Pollinators are attracted to plants that seem to offer a reward. Usually, the pollinator not receive a reward, such as food or shelter for the cultivation of young people. But look (and odors) can be deceiving. Some plants attract pollinators with misleading cues such that pollination is achieved for the plant, but the pollinator gets nothing in return.

Well-known examples of pollination by deception involving orchids and wasps and other insects that pollinate them. Some orchid flowers attract male insects by mimicking the smell and appearance of female insects. Males try to mate with a flower, and then another, the transfer of pollen among flowers in the process. Although some orchid flowers closely resemble the presence of females of the primary pollinating species, odors may be the main headline. At least in some cases, the odor compound emitted by the orchid is identical to the female sex pheromone emitted by pollinator species (Reference: pollination by sexual Deception in Australian Terrestrial Orchids, Rod Peakall, Australian National University, 2007).

Other orchids mimic the pollinators' food plants. For example, the South African orchid Disperis capensis produces flowers that closely resemble those of another plant, Polygala bracteolata. Bees pollinating P. bracteolata (giving a food reward) inadvertently pollinate the look-alike as well.

What seems to be another twist on pollination by deception was proved recently. Malaysian fertilizer beetles of the genus Onthophagus (Family: Scarabaeidae) is the most important pollinators of Orchidantha inouei, a plant related to ginger, bananas, and bird-of-paradise plants. The flowers of O. inouei seem to attract the beetles, which emits a dung-like (ie food) smell, but do not provide any food reward or protected space for the beetle.

from www.nbii.gov

Wednesday, November 19, 2008

The Effect of Water Stress on Floral Characters, Pollination and Seed Set in White Clover (Trifolium repens L.)



L. B TURNER

AFRC Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Dyfed SY23 3EB Wales, UK

White clover plants were subjected to either short-term developing water stress or long-term stable levels of water deficit. The hort-term stress reduced plant water status to about –2·0 MPa over 16 d. The long-term stress was less severe, but was sustained for several weeks. Long-term water stress promoted the production of inflorescences. However, water stress also increased floret abortion and the premature death of whole flower heads. The number of ovules per floret was decreased by water stress.

The most striking effect of both long- and short-term water deficit was to reduce pollen viability measured with the fluorochromatic assay. This was not an artefact of assay conditions. The pollen from water-stressed flower heads was not reversibly dehydrated; it did not score at similar viability to controls after incubation in conditions which hydrate pollen. In addition, the pollen from water-stressed plants lost viability more rapidly than pollen from well-watered plants after removal from the flower head.

The consequences of reduced pollen viability on seed set were investigated by hand-crossing within and between groups of plants maintained for several weeks at three levels of water supply. Flower heads pollinated with pollen from water-stressed plants set fewer seeds per floret than those pollinated with control pollen.

taken from www.jxb.oxfordjournals.org

Pollinator Syndrome




Wind and water pollination

Ponderosa pine branch tip shows needles and young cones.

Grass flower

Thumbnail an information sheet published by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, forbidden! Federal Republic of noxious weeds: The Water Park.
Forbidden! Federal Republic of harmful Weeds: The Aquatics (PDF)

Many flowers are pollinated without the help of animals (insects, birds or mammals). Here are a few examples.
Wind pollination

Most conifers and about 12% of the world's flowering plants are wind-pollinated. They include grasses and their cultivated cousins, the cereal crops, many trees; the notorious allergens ragweeds; and others. All release billions of pollen grains in the air, so a lucky few will hit their targets.

Wind-pollinated flowers are typically:

* No bright colors, special smell, or nectar
* Small
* Most have no petals
* Strain and stigma exposed to air currents
* Large amount of pollen
* Pollen smooth, bright, light airborne
* Stigma feathery to catch pollen from the wind
* May have staminate and pistillate flower, can monoecious or dioecious
* Normally, single-seeded fruit, such as oak, grass, birch, poplar, hazelnut, dock, cat-tail, plantain, and Papyrus

Water-pollination

Pollen can also float on the water's surface sliding until it contacts flowers. This is called surface hydrophily and are relatively rare. This water-assisted pollination occurs in waterweeds and pondweeds. In very few cases, pollen travels underwater use.

Many of the water-pollinated plants has become invasive throughout the United States. To learn more, visit these invasive species websites:

* U. S. Forest Service Invasive Species Program
* National Invasive Species Information Center

Photo by T. Barnes, University of
Kentucky.

Pollination by insect


What is pollination?

Pollination occurs when pollen lands on the stigma of a plant. Then goes down to the ovary, and it is here that the ovules are fertilized. Most plants have flowers with male and female parts present in each flower. Most plants depend on insects as bees, to take the pollen from the anthers to the stigma.
Pollination by insects

Felt flower diagramAn insect can pollinate flowers accident, when pollen is rubbed off the body of insects. Plants can produce nectar in the flowers, a sugary liquid, as many insects living on. Pollen is a useful source of protein for some insects such as bees. Insects attracted to the flower of fragrance, color and nectar. They bear the pollen from flower to flower, while collecting nectar and pollen for themselves. After pollination, the plant produces a seed that grows mostly sheltered inside the plants' ovaries.

Click on the image above to see all the different parts of a flower.
Without insects for pollination

It is not always the insects that pollinate the flowers, plants can use wind, birds and even bats as pollinators! With wind-pollinated plants - such as grasses, grains and some trees - the flowers are very simple, with no bright colors or pleasant smells as they do not need to attract the insects. These plants have both male and female reproductive parts, and they do a lot of pollen. Therefore, a pollen allergy called 'hay fever'.
Interesting facts

* Bee pollinating a flower Most plants grow flowers annually, but some take much longer. Agave, or century plant grows only one flower after many years and then dies! Even more astonishing is a rare plant called Puya raimondii from the Andes in South America, and it does not grow a flower until it is 150 years old - and after it dies too.
* The smallest flowering plant in the world believed to be a floating duckweed called common watermeal. Its leaves are only 1 mm across!
* Bamboo flowering plants have great habits. There are many different kinds of bamboo, and they have different flowering cycles. A few flower every year, but most wait much longer. What is amazing is that all the bamboo of the same species will flower at exactly the same time they are growing! No one knows how they manage to do so.
* The flowers on the European edelweiss covered with a thick layer of hair to protect them from the hot sun and drying winds.
* The flowers from the white chalk, which can grow in Britain, are toxic to bees. They are often on the ground under the trees.
* Hummingbirds hover in front of flowers, while they collect nectar. They spend so much energy to do this, it would be like you need to eat 150kg of hamburgers every day!
* Hummingbirds use up lots of energy floating in front flowersThe white flower in the Amazon water lily is the size of a football and turning purple, after being pollinated.

Monday, November 17, 2008

F L A M A B O Y N




When this plant came from (Madagascar. ever thought it?), Has it been Javanese streets' fence 'since 1950's, and nailed down the love songs of every generation of Indonesians.

Flamboyant trees is very high, they exceed the height of a London double-decker buses (which we imported to be put as passenger buses in Solo, Central Java, in 1985).

The main disadvantage of this plant is that it becomes completely bald half of the year. But even if it is still unable to get sold anyway. Who would buy a 15-foot tree?

Jasmine


MLATHI | Indonesian name: melati

Jasmine is for sale. Not as a potted plant, but as a mass plucked the petals or buds. This is the main material for a traditional Javanese wedding accessories (click here to see what it is).

A lot of Javanese and Indonesian 'classic' songs is about this flower because of its connotation with weddings.


None sell as lidah buaya to anybody PLANT Haven in Indonesia.

Crocodile's Tongue


ILAT BÓYÓ | Indonesian name: lidah buaya

I really doubt that even my ancestors have ever seen the things for real, but this plant has been known as' crocodile's tongue "in both its Javanese and Indonesian names.

Whether it truly resembles a crocodile's tongue or not, each leaf of this plant, you might have known as Aloe vera has been used by the Javanese as an ingredient of homemade shampoo since the 1500's. Then in 1960 came the Unilever, and the thing has been cultivated for factories, though the function remains the same.

No one sells a lidah buaya to anyone's garden plants in Indonesia.

Saturday, November 15, 2008

MAWAR


The picture above is the most common type of roses that are planted in Java and Indonesia.

As I have said virtually everywhere else around this site, the Javanese and Indonesian peoples roses has never been something romantic, and we never think of them as being related to the elusive concept called 'beauty'.

So if an Indonesian woman says she like Candlelight and roses and diamonds, only the last item is true. Light is nothing romantic in real Indonesians either are only useful when the notorious Indonesian Electric Company blowing up his job - that is, when there is no electricity at home because of chronic problems.




In real life, red and white roses in Indonesia has grown and for their leaves that are plucked and sold in traditional markets to people on their way to the cemetery.

DESERT SUNFLOWER


Range

Sonoran and Mojave desert in the southeastern California to southwest Utah and south to Arizona and northwestern Mexico.
Habitat

Sandy, barren desert flats and roadsides below 3000 feet.
Flowers

Two-inch golden-yellow flower heads appear at the ends of branches. Flowers are composed of 10 to 20 elongated rays around the golden disc. Blooms February through May and sometimes humid summers, again in October and November.
Description

Desert Sunflower is a slender, hairy plant that grows 1 to 3 meters high. The austere, gray-green, oval, leaves grow to 3 inches long and has teeth margins. "Geraea" is derived from the Greek word for "old man" - "geraios" - whereas the white hair on the seed-like, flat fruit.


TULIP




The species are perennials from bulbs, the tunicate bulbs are often produced at the ends of stolon and covered with glabrous to variously hairy papery coverings. The species include short low-growing plants with high upright plants that grow from 10 to 70 centimeters (4-27 in) tall. They can even grow in the cold and snow in winter. Plants are typically 2 to 6 leaves, with some species, which has up to 12 sheets. The cauline leaves are strap-shaped, waxy-coated, usually light to medium green and alternately arranged. Blades are somewhat fleshy and linear to oblong shape.

The large flowers are produced in the countryside or subscapose stalks usually lack bracts. Stems have no leaves to a few magazines, with large species, which has some leaves and smaller species have none. Typical species has a flower per stem, but a few species have up to four flowers. The colorful and attractive cup-shaped flowers have three leaves, three sepals, which usually called tepals because they are almost identical. The six petaloid tepals are often marked near the bases with darker markings. The flowers have six basifixed, separates the stock with filaments shorter than tepals and stigma are districtly 3-lobed. Ovary is superior to three chambers. 3 angled fruits are leathery textured capsules, elliptical to subglobose in the form, which contains numerous flat disc-shaped seeds in two rows per locul.

Although tulips are associated with Holland, both flower and its name is derived in the Ottoman Empire. The tulip, or Lale (from the Persian لاله, lâleh) as it is known in Turkey, is a flower indigenous to Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey and other parts of Central Asia. Having been described in a letter from the Dutch Ambassador to Turkey in the 16th century, Ogier Ghiselin the Busbecq, who also was a big flower species enthusiast, tulips were brought to Europe in the 16th century, the word tulip, which earlier in English appeared in such forms as Tulipa or tulipant, entered the language in the form of French tulip and its outmoded form of tulip or by means of modern Latin Tulipa, from Ottoman Turkish tülbend, "muslin, gauze." (The English word Turban, first recorded in English in the 16th century, can also be traced to the Ottoman Turkish tülbend.)

Tulips come from mountainous areas with temperate climate and the need for a period of cool dormancy. They do best in climates with long cool springs and early summers, but they are often grown as spring blooming annual plantings in warmer areas in the world. The bulbs are typically planted in late summer and fall, usually 10 to 20 centimeters (4 to 8 inches) deep, depending on the type planted in well-draining soil. In parts of the world who do not have long cool springs and early summers, the bulbs are often planted up to 12 inches deep, this gives some protection from the heat of summer and tends to force the plants to regenerate one large bulb each year instead of many small businesses do not thrive. This can extend the usefulness of plants in warmer areas for a few years, but does not prevent the degradation of the bulb size and eventual death of plants.

Tulips can be propagated by offsets, seeds or micro propagation [3]. Steps and tissue culture techniques using asexual propagation, they are used to produce genetic clones of the parent plant, which maintains cultivar integrity. Seed raised plants show greater variation, and seeds are most often used to disseminate species and subspecies or used to create new hybrids. Many tulip species can cross pollinate with each other when the wild tulip populations overlap with other species or subspecies, they often hybridize and produce populations of ready-mixed concrete. Most tulip cultivars are complex hybrids and sterile; these plants that produce seeds produce offspring very different from the parents.

In horticulture, tulips are divided into fifteen groups mainly based on the morphology of the flower and plant size. [4]

* Single early group - with cup-shaped single flowers, no larger than 8 cm across (3 inches). The Bloom early to mid season. Growing 15 to 45 inches tall.
* Double early group - with fully double flowers, bowl-shaped to 8 cm across. Plants typically grow from 30-40cm high.
* Triumph Group - single cup-shaped flowers up to 6cm long. Plants grow 35-60cm high and bloom mid to late season.
* Darwin hybrid group - single flowers are ovoid in shape and up to 8 cm long. Plants grow 50-70cm high and bloom mid to late season. This group should not be confused with older Darwin tulips - which belongs in the Late Group below.
* Single late group - cup or trophy-shaded flowers up to 8 cm long, some plants produce multi-flowering stems. Plants grow 45-75cm high and bloom in late season.

Tulip growers are using offsets to produce salable plants need a year or more of growth before the plants are large enough to flower; tulips grown from seeds often require five to eight years of growth before the plants are flowering size. Commercial growers harvest bulbs in late summer and grade them in sizes, onion large enough to flower is sorted and sold, while smaller bulbs are sorted into sizes and replanted. Holland is the largest producer of commercially sold plants, which produce as many as 3 billion bulbs a year.

EKOR KUCING


Somehow the Javanese still refer to this plant in Indonesia. The name means "the cat's tail."

The "tail" is impressive, botanically speaking. It is 25 inches long, bushy and cats as true "queues as long as it's not that cats Indonesian you mean. The shrub itself, with hundreds of deep red-tails "is more than 5 feet tall.

KOCOPIRING


| Indonesian name: kacapiring

The name means "China", as in dining plates and bowls, or, if anglicized literally, "glass". In some places it as "Gardenia".

This plant was probably under the charge of Javanese be downloaded by Chinese ships 1200's. It is more beautiful than roses, and the smell is bigger, too, and certainly more - you can sniff it out one miles away, or so it seems.



Real kacapiring is a tree. A tall, bushy tree, whose height is approximately the same as that of everyone in the Chicago Bulls, with the exception of the trainer.

But this plant is not in connection with financial things.